Jornal Do Brasilia - Smog and extreme heat, an unsafe combo for Texans

"It burns my face. I feel it in my nostrils," Trevino says.

The heat wave sprawling across the southern United States has lasted since June 14, and the sultry air and humidity make for temperatures that feel like they are higher than 40 degrees C (104 degrees F).

Houston, the fourth most populous US city with 2.3 million people, is home to four oil refineries (one of them among the nation's largest), heavy industry, a tangle of highways and plenty of trucks.

"In past years, we may have a heat emergency that lasts typically two, three, maybe four days at the most (but) I've never seen in the last 20 years... where it extends past a week and a half," Porfirio Villarreal, spokesman for the Houston Health Department, told AFP.

Between four and 10 people die each year in the city of Houston from heat-related illness, Villarreal said.

Trevino, 31, an organizer with Public Citizen, lives next to a truck parking lot where exhaust spews constantly.

Fewer than seven miles away (10 kilometers) is the Houston Ship Channel, site of major industrial and petrochemical activity.

The heat and pollution have delivered a one-two blow.

- High ozone days -

"It's absolutely affecting my health, no doubt about it," she said, trucks rumbling behind her home in the southwest of the city.

"In Houston, we're affected by a lot of ground-level ozone... (which) is what happens when pollution and heat combine."

"When we have heat waves here that are 100 degrees (F) for several weeks on end, plus the high levels and spikes and pollution that we have from the industry, then that results in a lot of days with high ozone levels."

Ozone can be good or bad depending on where it exists. Good ozone occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere, shielding humans from harmful ultraviolet rays.

But ozone at ground level is a harmful contaminant, and is caused when pollutants emitted by vehicles, power plants, refineries and other sources chemically react with sunlight, especially in hot weather, the Environmental Protection Agency says.

Trevino, who also is director of the Health Port Communities Coalition, demands that ozone meters be installed near industrial areas of the city. None exist currently.

- Millions affected -

According to the American Lung Association, nearly 120 million US citizens (more than a third of the nation) live in areas with unhealthy levels of ozone or particle pollution, with some of them vulnerable to illness and even death.

"I feel like that it is extremely dangerous for our health in the long run, especially for the little ones and the elderly," said Esmeralda Carr, a 32-year-old mother of four and a neighbor of Trevino's.

"When you have a lot of pollution, you end up having more people go to the hospitals. They may have asthma, which is exacerbated by that ozone or that pollution," Villarreal said.

Those most harmed by the pollution are African American and Latino communities, the American Lung Association says.

L. de Freitas--JDB